Poster Pitches Australian Microbial Ecology 2022

Exploring the epidermal virome of carcharhinid sharks (#19)

Ryan Hesse 1 , Michael Roach 1 , Bhavya Nalagampalli Papudeshi 1 , Emma Kerr 1 , Asha Goodman 2 , Laís FO Lima 2 , Elizabeth Dinsdale 1
  1. Flinders University FAME Lab, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
  2. San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA

Sharks in the family Carcharhinidae have epidermal scales called dermal denticles, which vary in morphology depending on species1. The hydrodynamic properties of the denticles reduce settlement and biofilm formation by environmental microbiota2, which cultivates a unique microbiome on shark skin3-4. This has given carcharhinid sharks an abnormal ability to resist epidermal infection despite frequent external injuries5. Thus, understanding the microbiome’s role in shark immunity may have implications for reducing the bacterial infections associated with large-scale mariculture operations6. Despite the integral role that viruses and bacteriophages play in microbiome dynamics7, the composition of the shark epidermal virome has never been studied. I used next-generation sequencing techniques and a combination of single-read and genomic assembly to characterize and compare the epidermal virome taxonomy of three Carcharhinid shark species from the southwestern Pacific, Carcharhinus obscurus, Carcharhinus galapagensis, and Galeocerdo cuvier. The data revealed a large proportion of shared taxa in epidermal phage communities within and among shark species. The assemblies also generated several complete novel phage genomes, some of which were shared across sharks but contained different genes depending on the host Although the influence of denticle shape on microbial settlement would suggest that more similar sharks should retain more similar virome communities, the patterns of taxonomic similarity aligned with the ecological niche of the host shark species more than their epidermal similarity. This suggests that some aspect of the shark’s ecological niche or physiological traits has a greater role in structuring their epidermal virome than the morphology of their epidermis and denticles. This study is the first step in understanding the role of the virome in the shark holobiont, soon to be followed by analyses of the microbiome and their associated taxonomic networks.